In addition, the instrument is often used by expert witnesses in forensic settings as part of an evaluation of a defendant’smental health, particularly in criminal cases. The inventory is often used as part of inpatient psychiatric assessments differential diagnosis and outpatient evaluations. The MMPI-2 is used in a wide range of settings for a variety of procedures. The test outcomes help the examiner to determine the test taker’s severity of impairment, outlook on life, approaches to problem solving, typical mood states, likely diagnoses, and potential problems in treatment. The results of the MMPI-2 allow the test administrator to make inferences about the client’s typical behaviors and way of thinking. The original version of the MMPI is no longer available from the publisher, although some institutions continue to use old copies of it. The MMPI-2 is preferred to the older MMPI because of its larger and more representative community comparison group (also referred to as the “normative” group). By analyzing the test taker’s patterns of response to the test items, the examiner is able to draw some tentative conclusions about the client’s level of adaptation, behavioral characteristics, and personality traits. The clinician evaluates the test taker’s personal characteristics by comparing the test taker’s answers to those given by various psychiatric and nonpsychiatric comparison groups. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, known as the MMPI, and its revised second edition (MMPI-2) are psychological assessment instruments completed by the person being evaluated, and scored and interpreted by the examiner. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
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